Nicotinic acid amide
Nicotinamide
CAS: 98-92-0
Molecular Formula: C6H6N2O
Nicotinic acid amide - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Nicotinamide |
| Synonyms | VB3 VPP Vitamin PP Vitamin B3 Niacinamide Nicotinamide Nicotinamidum Nicotinic Amide Nicotinic acid amide Nicotinamide (1.06818) Pyridine-3-carboxamide 3-Pyridinecarboxyamide NicotinamideB.P.,U.S.P. Pyridine-3-Carboxyamide NIACINAMIDE USP GRANULAR NicotinamideForBiochemistry niacinamide cell culture tested |
| CAS | 98-92-0 |
| EINECS | 202-713-4 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C6H6N2O/c7-6(9)5-2-1-3-8-4-5/h1-4H,(H2,7,9) |
| InChIKey | DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Nicotinic acid amide - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C6H6N2O |
| Molar Mass | 122.12 |
| Density | 1.40 |
| Melting Point | 128-131°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 150-160 °C |
| Flash Point | 182 °C |
| Water Solubility | 1000 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | 17g/L water (20°C); Slightly soluble in ethanol (10g/L 20°C), easily soluble in boiling water, boiling alcohol, soluble in propylene glycol, chloroform, hydroxide and carbonate solutions, insoluble in ether and lipid solvents. |
| Vapor Presure | 0Pa at 25℃ |
| Vapor Density | 4.22 (vs air) |
| Appearance | White powder |
| Color | white |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Merck | 14,6523 |
| BRN | 383619 |
| pKa | 3.3(at 20℃) |
| PH | 6.0-7.5 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
| Sensitive | Sensitive to light |
| Refractive Index | 1.4660 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00006391 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting Point 128-131°C boiling point 150-160°C flash point 182°C water-soluble 1000g/L (20°C) |
| Use | Vitamin drugs, involved in metabolic processes in the body, for the prevention and treatment of pellagra and other niacin deficiency |
Nicotinic acid amide - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R39/23/24/25 - R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | QS3675000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29362990 |
| Toxicity | LD50 s.c. in rats: 1.68 g/kg (Brazda, Coulson) |
Nicotinic acid amide - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Dong Xiaolin Lu Hongke Peng Tao et al. Optimization of processing technology of cooked buckwheat rice by response surface methodology [J]. Grain and Oil Processing (electronic version) 2015 000(006):51-55. 2. Wan Yuping, Zhou Xiaohua, Feng Lin, et al. Preparation and characterization of glutathione-chromium-nicotinic acid chelate [J]. Amino acids and biological resources, 2015, 37(1):49-55. 3. Wang Yue, Li Dongxia, Li Zhi, et al. Detection of vitamin B based on four-peak metamaterial THz sensor [J]. Spectroscopy and spectral analysis, 2020, v.40(06):131-136. 4. Dong Shujia, Qin, Wei, Shuai, Liu, canzhen, et al. Effect of low nitrogen on ester synthesis in fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [J]. China brewing 2018 037(001):149-154. 5. Wen Pengcheng, Cui Na, Liang Qi, etc. Changes of vitamins in yak colostrum and its transitional milk [J]. Science and Technology of food industry, 2014, 35(16):121-121. 6. Chen Yinbin, Wang Yufang, Hou Zhifang et al. Effects of Rg1 combined with B vitamins on NO release and Rg1 brain volume in mice with acute myocardial ischemia [J]. Specialty Research 2016(1):5-8. 7. Guo, Hu Xiaojing, Xu Rong, et al. Effects of drying methods on nutrition, functional components and amino acid composition of Moringa oleifera leaves [J]. Food Science, 2018, 39(011):39-45. 8. Zhao Xin, Liang Kehong, Zhu Hong, Liu Li, Wang Jing. Comparative study on nutritional quality and flavor compounds of different varieties of pear [J]. Journal of Food Safety and quality testing, 2020,11(21):7797-7805. 9. Zheng, Peihe, et al. "Influence of B- complex vitamins." Journal of medicinal food 20.11 (2017):-1132.https:// doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2017.3922 10. Chen, Yin Bin, et al. "Effect of B- complex vitamins on the antifatigue activity and bioavailability of ginsenoside Re after oral administration." Journal of ginseng research 41.2 (2017): 209-214.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.006 11. [IF=6.06] Yin Bin Chen et al."Effect of B- complex vitamins on the antifatigue activity and bioavailability of ginsenoside Re after oral administration."J Ginseng Res. 2017 Apr;41:209 12. [IF=2.786] Peihe Zheng et al."Influence of B- Complex Vitamins on the Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Ro After Oral Administration."J Med Food. 2017 Nov;20(11):1127-1132 13. [IF=5.165] Chun-Yan Zhang et al."Vitamin B3 as a high acid-alkali tolerant peroxidase mimic for colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glutathione."Arab J Chem. 2022 Jun;15:103823 14. [IF=2.391] Wu Zhihao et al."Preparation of Monascus-fermented ginkgo seeds: optimization of fermentation parameters and evaluation of bioactivity."FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY. 2022 Apr;:1-10 |
Nicotinic acid amide - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White needle-like crystals or powders. Bitter in taste. The melting point was 129-131 °c. 1g of the product is soluble in 1mL water, 1.5 ml alcohol and 10 ml glycerol, insoluble in ether.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Nicotinic acid amide - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
from nicotinic acid and ammonia salt after dehydration.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:43
Nicotinic acid amide - Standard
Authoritative Data Verified Data
This product is 3-pyridinecarboxamide. The content of C6H6N20 shall not be less than 99.0% calculated as dried product.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Nicotinic acid amide - Trait
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- This product is a white crystalline powder; Odorless or almost odorless, bitter, slightly hygroscopic.
- This product is soluble in water or ethanol, dissolved in glycerol.
melting point
The melting point of this product (General 0612) is 128~131°C.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:42
Nicotinic acid amide - Use
Open Data Verified Data
is an essential nutrient for mammals. Water solubility is better than nicotinic acid, but easy to form complexes with vitamin C and caking. Dosage 30~80mg/kg.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:10:44
Nicotinic acid amide - Differential diagnosis
Authoritative Data Verified Data
- take this product about 0.1G, after adding 5M l of water to dissolve, add 5ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, slowly heat, and the generated ammonia gas makes the wet red litmus test paper Blue (difference from nicotinic acid). Heating was continued until ammonia odor was completely removed, and cooling was performed. One to two drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution were added and neutralized with dilute sulfuric acid.
- take this product, add water to dissolve and dilute to make a solution containing about 20ug per lm l, and measure by UV-Vis spectrophotometry (General 0401), there is a maximum absorption at 261nm and a minimum absorption at the wavelength of 245nm. The ratio of the absorbance at the wavelength of 245nm to the absorbance at the wavelength of 261nm should be 0. 63-0. 67.
- The infrared absorption spectrum of this product should be consistent with that of the control (Spectrum set 421).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:43
Nicotinic acid amide - Exam
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pH
This product l .O g, add water 10ml to dissolve, according to the law (General 0631),p H value is 5. 5~7. 5.
clarity and color of solution
take this product l.O g, add water to dissolve after 10ml, check according to law (General rule 0901 and general rule 0902), the solution should be clear and colorless.
easily carbonized
take 0.20g of this product, check according to law (General rule 0842), and control solution (take 1.0 of cobalt chloride solution for color comparison, ml of potassium dichromate solution for color comparison, colorimetric copper sulfate liquid l_0 m l, diluted with water to 50ml) 5 m l comparison, not deeper.
Related substances
take this product, precision weighing, adding ethanol to dissolve and dilute to make a solution containing about 40mg per lm l, as a test solution; Take the appropriate amount of precision, diluted separately with ethanol to make about 0.2mg and 0. lm g solution, as a control solution (1) and (2 ) ; Another appropriate amount of nicotinic acid control, and ethanol dissolved and diluted to make about 0.2M g of solution, as a reference solution; Then take the appropriate amount of nicotinic acid control and this product, add ethanol to dissolve and dilute to make about 1 l/l containing nicotinic acid 0. A mixed solution of 2m g and 1 m g of nicotinamide was used as a control solution (3). According to the thin layer chromatography (General 0502) test, draw 5M1 of each of the above five solutions, respectively, on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, with chloroform-absolute ethanol-water (48 : 45: 4) for the development of the agent, expand, take out, dry, set the UV light (254mn) under the inspection. The control solution (3> should show two clearly separated spots; The control solution (2) should show one clearly visible spot; The test solution should show impurity spots corresponding to the control solution, its color with the
The main spot of the irradiated solution should not be deeper (0.5%); If other impurity spots are shown, it should not be deeper compared with the main spot of the control solution (1).
loss on drying
take this product, put it in a phosphorus pentoxide dryer, and dry it under reduced pressure for 18 hours. The weight loss shall not exceed 0.5% (General rule 0831).
ignition residue
not over 0841 (general rule).
Heavy metals
take this product l .O g, Add 10ml of water to dissolve, add 6m l of lm o L/l hydrochloric acid solution and an appropriate amount of water to make 2 5 m l, and check according to law (General Principles 0821 first law), heavy metals should not be more than 20 parts per million.
arsenic salt
take l .O g of this product, add 2 M l of water and 5m l of hydrochloric acid to dissolve it, and then check it according to law (General rule 0822 first law), and it shall comply with the regulations (0.0002%).
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:44
Nicotinic acid amide - Content determination
Authoritative Data Verified Data
take this product about O.lg, precision weighing, after adding 20ml of glacial acetic acid to dissolve, add acetic anhydride 5M l and crystal violet indicator solution 1 drop, with perchloric acid titration solution (O. 1 mol/L) titration to the solution is blue-green, and the results are corrected with a blank test. Each lm l of high gas acid titration solution (0.1 M o l/L) corresponds to 12.21 mg of C6H6N20.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:44
Nicotinic acid amide - Category
Authoritative Data Verified Data
pharmaceutical excipients, cosolvents and stabilizers.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:44
Nicotinic acid amide - Storage
Authoritative Data Verified Data
light-shielding and closed storage.
Last Update：2022-01-01 11:24:45
Nicotinic acid amide - Reference Information
| pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration | 9 |
| Decomposition | >=200 °C |
| LogP | -0.38 at 21℃ |
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | nicotinamide, also known as nicotinamide, vitamin B3 or vitamin PP, is a water-soluble vitamin, belonging to B vitamins, it is a component of coenzyme I (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD) and coenzyme II (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADP), in the human body, the nicotinamide part of these two coenzyme structures has reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation properties, plays a role in hydrogen transfer in biological oxidation, and can promote tissue respiration, biological oxidation process and metabolism, it is important to maintain the integrity of normal tissues, especially the skin, digestive tract and nervous system. Lack of, due to the cell's respiratory and metabolic effects caused by pellagra, so this product is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of pellagra, stomatitis, glossitis, etc. |
| Food Source | naturally occurs mainly in the grain coat, yeast, peanut, meat, animal organs, milk and green leafy vegetables, the body can be synthesized from tryptophan, but the efficiency is very low. Nicotinic acid can be synthesized by Escherichia coli and the like in the intestinal tract and then converted into nicotinamide. |
| Application | nicotinamide and nicotinic acid are common in most combinations, and nicotinic acid also produces nicotinamide in animals. In the absence of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, pellagra develops. They can therefore prevent pellagra. They play a role in the metabolism of proteins and sugars, improving the nutrition of humans and animals. In addition to being used as medicine, it is also widely used as food and feed additives. Worldwide production capacity has exceeded 30,000 tons. In Japan, nicotinamide for medicine accounted for 40%, feed additives accounted for 50%. Food additives accounted for 10%. Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide are non-toxic, and the LD50 of nicotinamide injected subcutaneously to rats is 1.7g/kg, which is naturally contained in animal liver, kidney, yeast and rice sugar. |
| usage limit | GB 14880-94: same as "01017, niacin". is subject to GMP (FDA § 184.1535,2000). Japan (1998): wheat flour 35 mg/kg; Rice 7 mg/kg; Modified milk powder 4 mg/kg; Meat color auxiliary 0.02% ~ 0.1% (combined with vitamin C). Maintain and enhance the color, flavor and taste of ham and sausage. Shall not be used for meat and fresh fish shellfish, cetaceans. |
| whitening principle | There are two main whitening principles of nicotinamide: first, nicotinamide can interfere with the transport of melanin, the melanin is restricted in the melanocytes, the melanocytes are prevented from producing melanin, and the melanin is prevented from being transmitted to the skin surface to make the skin black, so as to achieve the whitening effect. Second, nicotinamide has been proved to have a good anti-glycation effect, and the substance produced by the skin saccharification is brown, which will make the skin look black. The anti-glycation of nicotinamide helps skin whitening, thereby lightening skin tone. |
| efficacy effect | 1. Moisturizing, oil control, reducing niacinamide can be very effective in reducing the loss of water through the skin, although the single effect of hyaluronic acid and glycerol is not good, but the effect of the use of the absolute is 1+1>2; nicotinamide can make the sebaceous glands in the "excited" state calm down, and then achieve the effect of oil control, reducing blackheads and acne. 2. Good anti-wrinkle ability the anti-wrinkle ability of nicotinamide lies in the ability to activate ATP, provide the vitality of keratinocytes, increase the synthesis of collagen, and have a good synergistic ability, it can be used together with other anti-wrinkle ingredients. 3. Good auxiliary sunscreen effect the harm brought by ultraviolet rays to the human body is not only tanning, but also leads to the occurrence of immunosuppression and even skin cancer. Many studies at home and abroad have shown that nicotinamide can effectively reduce the occurrence of skin photoimmune suppression under ultraviolet irradiation. 4. Good mildness compared to vitamin C, resorcinol derivatives and other ingredients, the mildness of nicotinamide is good, many people's skin can also be used, but still pay attention to the problem of skin tolerance, such as The Ordinary whitening essence 10% of The concentration of nicotinamide, or has a certain degree of irritation. Therefore, it is best to first pass the skin tolerance test before use, to determine the tolerance and then start to use, at the same time, be careful not to use with acid products, such as salicylic acid, fruit acid, to prevent excessive irritation to the skin. |
| metabolism and absorption | oral gastrointestinal absorption of nicotinamide, intramuscular injection absorption faster, after absorption and distribution to the body tissues, t1/2 is 45 min. Metabolized by the liver, most of them were metabolized to N-methylnicotinamide, and only a small amount of the treatment was excreted from the urine as the original form, and the excretion increased when the dosage exceeded the need. If the daily urine N-methyl nicotinamide is less than 4mg, it indicates a deficiency of nicotinamide. |
| adverse reactions | occasional dizziness, Nausea, upper abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, etc, in the early pregnancy overdose may be teratogenic, intramuscular injection can cause pain, so less use. |
| content analysis | accurately weigh 300mg of a sample pre-dried on silica gel for 4H, dissolve in 20ml of glacial acetic acid, if necessary, it was heated slightly for solubilization. After adding 0.1 of benzene and 2 drops of crystal violet test solution (TS-74), the mixture was titrated with mol/L perchloric acid. At the same time, the blank test was carried out and the necessary correction was made. Perchloric acid corresponds to 12.21mg of nicotinamide (C6H6N2O) per mL of 0.1mol/L. Or by high pressure liquid chromatography (GT-10-4). |
| toxicity | LD50 2.5-3.5g/kg (rat, oral). GRAS(FDA,§ 182.5535,2000). No special provisions are made by ADI (EEC,1990). |
| Use | an amide derivative of vitamin B3 and PARP inhibitors vitamins, which participate in the metabolic process in the body, for the prevention and treatment of pellagra and other niacin deficiency The water solubility of nicotinamide is better than that of nicotinic acid, but it is easy to form a complex with vitamin C and agglomerate. Dosage 30-80mg/kg. It is used in skin care products to prevent skin roughness, maintain skin cell health, and promote skin whitening. For hair care can promote scalp blood circulation, healthy hair follicles, promote hair growth, prevent baldness. biochemical research; Nutrient composition of tissue culture medium; Clinical drug is vitamin B group, which is used to prevent and treat pellagra, stomatitis, glossitis and other diseases. |
| production method | β-picoline is oxidized to nicotinic acid by air, it was prepared by heating and dehydration. niacin, boric acid and ammonia water are put into the reaction pan, and ammonia gas is introduced into the reaction pan under stirring to increase the temperature to dissolve; Then the ammonia is distilled and recovered to 120 ~ C, and then transferred into the dehydration pan to continue concentration; the addition of liquid ammonia was started after the temperature reached 145 ° C., and the reaction was continued at 185-190 ° C. For 20-30 hours. Then cool down to 130 ℃, dilute with distilled water, add activated carbon, and decolorize with ammonia at 70~80 ~ C for 2H; After reaction, filter while hot, and cool the filtrate in water for 24h, the crystals were isolated, washed with ethanol and dried to obtain a final product with a yield of 89%. niacin, boric acid and ammonia water are put into the reaction pan, and ammonia gas is introduced into the reaction pan under stirring, then the temperature is raised and the ammonia is recovered by distillation. After reaching 120 ℃, the ammonia is transferred into the dehydration Pan and concentrated, The addition of liquid ammonia was started when the temperature reached 145 °c and the ammonia-passing reaction was continued for 20-30H at 185-190 °c. Then cool down to 130 ℃, dilute with distilled water, add activated carbon, and decolorize with ammonia at 70-80 ℃ for 2H. After reaction, filter while hot, cool the filtrate in water for 24h, separate and crystallize, the product was obtained by washing and drying with ethanol, and the yield was 89% . The product was obtained by salifying nicotinic acid with ammonia water and then dehydrating it. |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 480°C |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:45:29
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